Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) is a white crystalline salt that is highly soluble in water. It is formed from the reaction of ammonia (NH3) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). Commonly known as sal ammoniac, it occurs naturally in volcanic areas.
Key Properties:
Chemical formula: NH4Cl
Appearance: White, odorless crystalline powder
Solubility: Soluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol
pH: Slightly acidic in solution
Common Uses:
As a nitrogen source in fertilizers
In pharmaceuticals as an expectorant
In electrolyte solutions for batteries (especially dry cells)
In metalwork, as a flux to clean metal surfaces before soldering
Safety:
Ammonium chloride is generally safe in small quantities but can cause irritation if inhaled or ingested in large amounts.
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