1 Artificial insemination
AI is the most widely used reproductive technology in developed and developing countries. It has the best cost–benefit among all reproduction technologies and has revolutionized the animal breeding industry. It enables a single bull to be used simultaneously in several countries for many inseminations a year and also enhances the efficiency of progeny testing of bulls. AI is applied in cattle, sheep, goats, turkeys, pigs, chickens, and rabbits, with its most extensive application being in cattle. It is especially indispensable in the turkey breeding industry since the large size of the males of broad-breasted turkeys, which have been bred for body conformation, precludes natural mating (Flint and Woolliams, 2008).