Sensor Probes: Two or more metal contacts or wires are placed at a specific height or inside a waterproof housing.Conductivity: Water acts as a mild electrical conductor. When moisture bridges the gap between the probes, it completes a low-current electrical path.Switching: The tiny current triggers an internal semiconductor switch (like a BC547 transistor) or a microchip.Illumination: Power flows from a battery (such as 5V or 9V systems) directly into the LED, causing it to glow or flash.