The roots of goldenseal are known to contain isoquinoline alkaloids, mainly hydrastine, canadine, and berberine. Berberine is a bitter, antibacterial, and amebicidal compound, which greatly contributes to the healing properties of the plant. Some research also suggests that its berberine content means that goldenseal is capable of lowering blood pressure and cholesterol levels, but evidence to support these claims remains insufficient.
Hydrastine promotes nervous system health and is thought to be responsible for much of the plant's medicinal value. Canadine, on the other hand, works to stimulate the muscles of the uterus. Goldenseal helps reduce heavy menstrual bleeding and has been used by herbalists for stopping postpartum hemorrhages. It is also useful for the topical treatment of vaginal infections.