Firefighting gloves consist of three layers: outer shell, moisture barrier, and thermal barrier or lining. Outer shells include different types of leather that are intended to provide the primary physical protection to the hand. Leathers provide friction grip and puncture resistance and can be specially processed for flame resistance during tanning. Full-grain cowhide, pig, elk, goat, or kangaroo skin are commonly used and are sometimes impregnated with silicone to improve water repellence and durability. Firefighting gloves are tested for several performance properties such as thermal insulation, flame resistance, heat and thermal shrinkage resistance, cut and puncture resistance, liquid chemical and viral penetration resistance, overall fluid integrity, liner pull-out resistance, and various types of hand function. It is designed to protect against several emergency operations hazards. The moisture barrier prevents physical penetration of certain liquids (water, blood/body fluids)